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September 01, 2026
Tax Breaks for Some, Burdens for Others: The Dual Reality of Ghana’s Free Zones Policy within the Cocoa Value Chain

Let’s revisit Ghana Freezones as a Policy that had intentions whose unintended consequences overshadowed it in the Ghanaian cocoa-chocolate value chain. The introduction of Ghana’s Free Zones policy in the mid-1990s was a strategic attempt to accelerate export-driven industrialisation, attract foreign direct investment (FDI), and enhance value addition in key export sectors, including cocoa. Designed with generous incentives such as tax holidays, duty exemptions, and unrestricted capital repatriation, the policy aimed to position Ghana as a competitive global processing hub. From a political perspective, however, the outcomes of this policy have been shaped by the interests, power asymmetries, and interactions among key actors, that is the state, multinational corporations (MNCs), local

Tax Breaks for Some, Burdens for Others: The Dual Reality of Ghana’s Free Zones Policy within the Cocoa Value Chain
September 01, 2026